Dynamo or electric motor



(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

L. GUTMANN.

DYNAMO 0R ELEOTRIG MOTOR. v

No. 515,216. Patented Feb. 20, 1894.

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4 sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model) L GUTMANN DYNAMO 0R ELBOTRIO'MOTOR.

Patented Feb. 20, 1894.

Zfiz'inewwew (No Model.) 4 SheetsSheet 3.

L. GUTMANN.

DYNAMO OR ELECTRIC MOTOR.

No. 515,216. Patented Feb. 20,1894.

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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

L. GUTMANNQ DYNAMO OB ELEGTRIG MOTOR.

No. 515,216. Patented Feb. 20, 1894.

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or steam engines.

UNiTED STATES PATENT Quince.

LUDXVIG GUTMANN, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

DYNAMO OR EL ECTRIC MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 515,216, dated February 20, 1894. Application filed February 13, 1892. fierial No. 421,377! (No model.)

To aZZ whom, it may concern;

Be it known that I, LUDWIG GUTMANN, a subject of the German Emperor, and a resident of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Dynamos or Electric Motors, (Case No. 54,) of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a special and simpleconstruction of dynamos ormotors,producing for the external circuit, or operated by, continuous, pulsating or alternating currents. Its simple and special construction makes it very useful for direct application to turbines The characteristic points of this type are partly electrical, and partly mechanical. One or more stationary field coils and one or more stationary secondary or armature coils are so located in a magnetic core as to form one central pole of one polarity surrounded by poles of the opposite polarity, whose magnetic circuits are periodically closed by an armature, or magnetic circuit closer adapted to vary the number of lines cutting the secondary coil or coils. The mechanical points are, the application of an armature which is neither inclosed nor incloses the field magnet, but one which is applied laterally or centrally but supported at all times by bearings in such a manner as to be totally independent of the remaining machine parts.

My invention consists further in several modified constructions, in which, however, the independence of the rotary armature core part is preserved; and lastly, it consists of details in construction.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 shows the dynamo in elevation partly in section. Fig. 2 represents the machine frame and the parts excluding the armature core, and consists of the field magnet core, the armature and field winding, and insulated terminals for said windings. Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a modified arrangement of the coils. Figs. 3, 3d and 8 give armatures or mag netic circuit closers in two different forms one being a modification of the other. Figs. d and i" are views of different types of elemental magnetic plates. Fig. 5 shows three different end views of the elemental magnetic blocks, Fig. 4. Fig. (3 is a modified magnet construction over Fig. i and shown in end view in Fig. 6. Figs. 7 and 7 show the front to a suitable frame or support. Fig. 7 shows the support alone. Fig. 8 shows a modification over that in Fig. 7 applied to a core, shaped like that in Fig. i. In Figs. 9 and 9 are two ways of supporting either or both windings by clamps or other means independently from the magnet core. Fig. 10 is a modification over that in Figs. 1 and 2, giving a view in elevation of the machine; the rotary part being removed. Fig. 10 is a detailed part of Fig. 10. Fig. 11 shows the inner surface of the rotary core part of the machine, Fig. 10, being a modification over that in Figs. 1 and 3. Figs. 12, 12 and 12 show rotary distance pieces forming part of the machine. Figs. 13 and 18 are distance pieces in which sliding action occurs. Fig. it is a modification over that in Figs. 1, 2 and 10; and it is adapted for converter construction and regulation. Fig. 15 is a modification over that in Figs. 1 and 10, shown partly in elevation and partlyin section. Figs. 15 and 15 show two of the various ways of winding the field magnet and armature coils in a subdivided manner. Fig. 16 is a part of Fig. 15 and is a detail of the shaft. Fig. 17 is a view in elevation of a further modification over that in Figs. 1 and 10. Fig. 18 is a side elevation of that in Fig. 17 slightly modified as described hereinafter. Fig.19showsdiagramsin which the field and armature coils may each be connected or grouped in one or two planes. Fig. 20 shows a cominutating device for directing the current for any suitable purpose.

In all figures A A are the frame and bed plate respectively of the diiterent portions of machine.

B B are magnet poles.

B is a single core lamina.

B" are polar extensions of the core.

13' is a hinged pole piece.

0 is the armature winding.

D is the field magnet windin E is an armature head; E, armature core projections; F, and F, coil terminals; G, the

clamp; I, a pulley; I a fiat or gear wheel; K, bolts; K, screws; L L", spacing devices; L, balls or rollers cylindrical. or circular; M, any

and side of the attachment of the core parts bearings; G, bearing stands; H, a junction- ICO suitable electrical generator; N, a recess in' the magnet block B; O, the armature shaft; P, bolts for the core blocks B; Q, coil retaining insulators; R, core block supports; S, a coil cleat; T, T, insulators; U, slots in machine bed plate for retaining bolts; V, ball bearing blocks and separators; W, a head or support for the spacing pieces L L; X, distance pieces; Y, stay bars;'Z, a clutch; 1, a ground plate; 2, foundation; 3, crown on frame A; 4, a supplementary iron strip; 5, bolt-retaining holes; and 6, a pit; 7 slots or cavities in machine castings.

8 and 9 are contact rings.

10 is a commutator, l1 brushes for the com mutator, 11' brushes for rings 8 and 9.

Referring in particular to Fig. 1, the main frame A also forms the bed plate of the machine. B are elemental cores serving as poles, which, for the sake of brevity, will be called field poles or collectively, field magnets, which are bolted to the frameA in any convenient manner; but in such a way that the poles or projections of one extremity form one common structure, while the recess N in the cores B may form a circle or symmetrical figure. In this cavity N are located the energizing field magnet winding D and the armature winding 0 each forming one or more separate coils shown here in cross-section. The binding post F is shown insulated from the frame and its connection is described with Fig. 2.

Eis themagneticcircuit closerand armature core (which latter name will be used for this part of the machine throughout the specification). It is shown mounted laterally and facing the remaining part of the machine in such a way as to be totally independent as regards supports and adj ustability.

The base A of the main frame, it will be noticed, is shown longer because the bearings G can be bodily slid in front of the field magnet. By this means, the armature core E may be moved in three different directions; toward the observer, away from him, or to his right without interfering in the least with the remaining machine parts. This can be accomplished by removing the bolts K entirely or loosening them if slots u were provided in the casting as shown in Figs. 10, 15 and 17. Between the bearings Gis located a driving pulleyI, while at the end is shown another pulley I. If one pulley is sufficient to do the work, it may be located between bearings or at the end. The center location is preferred, when belts are used, While the outside location would be suitable if a gear is applied as for instance in connection with a turbine, in this case I would represent a gear wheel. To facilitate the placing of the pulley I and the driving bolt, the bearing stands'G are made separable, being provided with a coupling H of any suitable form for instance projecting lugs G held together by bolts K. Other bolts K hold the bearing stands G and armature core E firmly to the base A.

The machine, as it stands, will, when energized, have a considerable end pull as to the armature core E toward the field magnet B. Generally, this is taken up in bearings; while in the present case, the bearings remain unaltered. However, I place a spacing piece L between the armature core and field core. This is indicated by three balls L which are partially embedded in the iron of oesses N are located the field magnet winding D and armature winding 0; the latter being covered by the field magnet winding. The pole pieces 13, lying in the center, form asingle pole of one polarity; while the radially extending poles B,due to their position in respect to the field magnet win din g,form the poles of opposite polarity and arelocated circularlyaround the first named pole. The space between neighboring external poles B may be filled with wood or other material, so as to cause less air resistance and reduce the humming noise due to the" obstructions offered to the air currents. On these interposed blocks, which, by preference, are of non-conducting material, are mounted the terminals F of the field magnet winding D, and those F ofth'e armature winding 0. The terminals F Fare connected to any suitablegeneratorif the machine is not made self exciting as shown later I on. This is indicated by connecting them to the battery M. In front of this field magnet system rotates the armature core E shown in Figs. 3, 3 and 3". This piece may be either solid or laminated. If solid, as shown in Fig. l, the projections E which are covered by an external rim are like those in shape as in Figs. 3 and 3", and extend from the shaft in the same Way as in Fig. 3 which is a side view of the armature core E of Figs. 1, 3 and 3 On the head E of the shaft 0 are mounted the laminated cores E (see Fig. 3) forming a star and projecting'or extending laterally over the head. These extensions E may be equal in number or one half or double the number of the projecting poles B.

Fig. 2 shows one of the windings subdivided and surrounding the several core projections. It is evident that while for smaller types it may be simpler to have but two coils concentric to one another, forlarger types the subdivision of these coils may be preferable.

The disposition adapted for one of the windings may be selected also for the second. This is well understood in the art and does not change the nature of the invention, and therefore I do not wish to limit the same to the simpler disposition alone, in fact a good many modifications are possible to arrange the poles of opposite polarity with magnetic circuit closers rotating in a vertical plane.

The operation of the machine is well understood. The energizing winding D receiving a constant current from any suitable source M (see Fig. 2) causes the central pole to be of a permanent polarity, for instance north. The external polar projections encircling the north pole will be all south. The armature coreE rotating in front of the polar projections B will alternately reduce to a minimum, the resistance of the magnetic circuit and then increase it in passing the poles l3 and being placed between the poles. This change causes an increasing and decreasing of the lines of force which induce a current in the armature winding C, as the latter is cut by the variable number of lines flowing. The armature poles may differ by one ortwo or other suitable number from those given above, if a certain leakage is desired for obtaining aspecial form of curve for the current or to facilitate its commutation or regulation.

Figs. L and i give a side view of an elemental plate B, showing the recess N. The core consists of a number of superposed plates provided with recess N and firmly secured to one another in suitable way as by means of boltsP. Fig. 4; is a modification over that in Fig. 4. In this case, the plates are provided with lugs through which the bolts P are passed.

Fig. 5 shows three end views of the pole pieces shown in Figs. at and 4:. The left one is rectangular and is the simplest to make. The central one has been cut away on the lower pole B so as to form one common pole with the remaining cores as also shown in Figs. 2 and This has, however, the drawback that if the armature in Fig. 3 is not used but the one in Fig. 3, the magnetic crosssection is not uniform. This is compensated for, however, by adding extensions 13 as shown in the right hand part of Fig. 5.

Fig. 6 is a modification of that in Fig. at inasmuch as it forms the double plate complete, showing also the two windings O and D; but in a different manner as in Fig. 1. There they are placed side by side, while here the armature winding G encircles that of the field winding D. To prevent any movement toward the rotary portion of the machine, the coils are blocked by the wedges Q, consisting of any suitable material.

Fig. (3 shows one way in which the core Fig. 6 may be made use of. The armature coil 0 being shown located in the recesses N after the pole piece or lamime have been bent into the desired angle. In this figure, the angle is ninety degrees; in Fig. 5 it is one hundred and twenty degrees.

Fig. '7 shows a simple way of attaching the core plates 13 to one another and to the frame A. The latter is simply planed and provided with suitable perforations in which the screws K are retained which secure the support R of the poles B to frame A. The bolts, which are used for solidly connecting the laminae to one structure, may be used at the same time to secure the support E. This is shown in the top view of Fig. 7 while the support R is shown separately in Fig. 7

Fig. 8 is a modification of that in Figs. 1 and 7. The frame A is provided with a recess N, in which the plates shown in Fig. 4* are located. The bridging strip S lies in front of the projection and prevents the pole pieces B from moving.

Figs. 9 and 9 are cleats of metal or other suitable material, which support the windings O and D. The cleats S in Fig. 9 surround the coils at right angles, which therefore are shown in crosssection. The cleats S surround coils O and D. The insulating block T, is preferably of the same height as the core part in which the coils are embedded. The coils O and D and block T are held in position by a clamp 5. Its ends are brought through the frame A in an insulated manner and fastened by nuts. Fig. 9 is a modification over that in Fig. 9. There the cleat S is shorter and has the nuts embedded in the wood Twithoutpenetrating through theframe A. There are, however, corresponding holes left in the frame to enable the loosening of the nuts and cleats S.

Fig. 10 is a view in elevation of a modified dynamo or motor over that in Fig. l. The difference is that the rectangular elements shown in Fig. 5 are used and the frame or casting A may project in the center A" as a support of the poles B,.thereby also forming part of the pole piece. It is the center of a large pole provided with laminated extensions. The disposition otherwise is identical with that of Fig. 1. For the illustrationof the application of the cleat one has been shown. Further, theinsulators T, which may be interposed to prevent heavy air currents, are so arranged as to be flush with the coils. They are, however, preferably undercut as shown in 10, so as to allow as much radiating surface for the coils as possible. Similarly, the recesses in the center pole A" B may be filled out or may be left open. Fig. 10 shows four ways. The left hand three cavities are shown filled with blocks T. The upper cavities are filled with porcelain blocks T,one located under each end of the cleat S. The right hand three central cavities are shown filled with magnetic material B" which may be solid, but are preferably laminated, while the central and lowest cavities are shown unfilled. It is well understood that while A B may form one pole, the pieces T T interposed between the surrounding external poles of opposite polarity must be nonmagnetic. Looking at the bed plate of the dynamo there are provided channels or grooves U for the location of the bearing bolts K (see Fig. 1) which slots enable the armature core to be moved in a direction toward the observer or to the right of him in the position given in Fig. 1. I

Fig. 11 shows the armature coreE of Fig. 10. This circular disk is provided with lateral projections E (see Fig. 3) placed so as to form a star or lying radially on the surface of the disk E. The space between the projections E may be filled in any suitable way, for instance, with blocks T properly secured between the projections. Similar as in Figs. 1 and 3 the projections E may be solid or laminated. In the center of this' armature core E is located the distance device L, consisting of a cavity, in which the balls L are retained and adapted to revolve with the shaft. It is easy to understand, that when the coil -D is energized and the iron parts are two electro magnets, one revolving and one stationary, they attract one another with considerable force. Instead of depending for the proper distance on some means located on the shaft 0 as is often done, or on the bearings G, which would be subjected to a considerable strain, I prefer to provide means for preventing the rotary part from touching the stationary one byinterposing some material in any convenient manner between the stationary machine part and the rotary one. This is shown more clearly on a larger scale inFig. 12. The solid pole part. A" is partly shown against which rest the three-balls L held in position by blocks V whichare secured in any convenient 'vvay' to the disk E. The balls L just project sufficiently as to prevent the touching of the parts A" and E.

Fig. 12 is a modification over Fig. 12.

I There the balls L are shown mounted on-a star L, which forms six axes for the balls. The number of balls may be increased to any desired number or reduced to one which latter' would have to be located centrally.

Fig. 12" is the preferred form for small machines. On a small projection of disk E is cut a thread on which is secured a cap W provided with a number of holes arranged in one or more circles, in which the balls L are located. The cap may be prevented from unscrewing by screws K. It will be evident, that there will be but a slow rotation of the balls as they are placed as near to the central point as possible and in line with the shaft. The balls L are preferably made of hard or tempered steel and therefore assist in considerably reducing the magnetic resistance of the circuit. Rollers L may be attached to the opposite poles but as they would have to roll on a surface consisting of mate rial of difierent hardness (see Fig. 10) and further and especially with considerable speed, this modification would lead to trouble and complications unless the rollers engage with the frame A.

Fig. 13 shows a modification over Fig. 12. There the rolling distance piece is replaced by a projection of the shaft 0 forming the half circle or ball L, the latter form being indicated by dotted lines, and which is in frictional contact with the pole A.

Fig. 13 is a modification over Fig. 13, and is especially adapted for large and slow speed dynamos or motors. On the surface of either is mounted a distance plate L which, when worn, may readily be replaced. Evidently one spacing or distance plate L may be suflicient especially if made of a material that does'not afiect the surface of the plate against which it slides.

To overcome the lateral pull, several ways may be adopted. One is to place the poles of opposite polarity on opposite sides of the armature. This is shown in Fig. 14. However, to preserve almost the same freedom of the armature E a departure from the general practice becomes desirable. The field core used is a modification over that shown in Fig. 6, the diiference'being, that the wire inclosing poles are hinged and form overhanging horns, shown in two shapes one by acontinuous, the other by dotted lines, so that the armature E has the magnet poles located on either side. In the case that it is desired to withdraw the armature core, E, and provided it cannot pass the spaces between the poles, then the horns B 'are pulled back and armature E is as free as in Figs. 1 and 10. The pullon thearmaturecorewillbeequal on either side and there will be no lateral pull in any special direction. However this method may be simplified by the employment of a double I frame and poles Fig. 15 which is the preferred and commercial machine complete. This machine is identical with that in Figs. 1 and 10, that is, as to one half. This machine will not exhibit any end pull, especially if the windings for both parts are connected in series. The frame A has two vertical and parallel planes provided with recesses N in which the laminated fie'id magnet poles are retained. In front of either magnet system B rotates one armature core E mounted on a common shaft 0, which is supported by the bearings G, which latter are fastened to the common base A, in which there are grooves U parallel to the planes of the surfaces of the field magnet poles, enabling the armature core E to be adjusted or shifted without interfering with any of the other parts of the machine structure. They are removable in a direction toward or away from the observer. In this machine the pulley I is again placed between the bearings, which may form as shown one unseparable casting or the form shown in Fig. 1 may be retained. The up: per portion of the frame is stayed by distance tubes X and bolts Y which may be omitted if the castingAis strong enough to stand the attraction exercised. No distance rollers are shown; but evidently the machine 'would be improved if the same were retained.

The armature cores E may close the magnetic circuits of the field cores simultaneously or alternately by having their polar projec- IIO tions in line or intersecting with one another. The windings may be either used for supplying two separate circuits or they may be grouped in series, parallel or any other way depending on the number of separate windings and the two parts form one machine. The coils shown herehave a relatively differerent disposition in regard to one another. The coil Osurrounds the field coil D on three different sides. To facilitate the manufacture and reduce the price, the coils are shown subdivided into a number of sub-coils (see Fig. 15). One way is identical as shown in Fig. 15, with the only difference that instead of one coil D there are two and instead of one coil 0 there are five.

Fig. 15 shows the field and armature coils also subdivided. There are shown two coils of each kind which are arranged parallel to one another or surrounding one another. They may be grouped to form each but one circuit or else each coil could be used to be a separate circuit.

Fig. 16 is a detailed view of Fig. 15 andhas especial reference to the shaft 0. It will be noticed, that the two parallel field magnets B which are mounted in Fig. 15 on a frame common to both and are facing each other, do not admit of adjustment in a direction toward or away from each other. Nevertheless it may be desirable to be able to adjust the field magnets in respect to the armature. In Figs. 1 and 10 this is easily accomplished by moving the armature core E toward the magnet B until the distance piece L is in contact with the magnet. In the construction in Fig. 15, this cannot be done and instead of adjusting by means of screws, every elemental core 13, I prefer to divide the shaft 0 into two parts which are shown in crosssection in Fig. 16. One of the parts is provided with a projection which has a bearing in the other shaft having a recess which fits the extension. This shaft modification permits the two distant armature cores E and the shaft length not to be of exactly the same length as the distance between the two sets of poles. In inserting the arinaturesin their proper places the shaft maybe telescoped, to considerably facilitate its handling and when in place, the shaft 0 may be brought near to or in contact with the two magnet surfaces. This feature of adjusting the shaft is equally desirable whether distance pieces L are used or not. It is indiderent at which end or point this telescope joint is made in the shaft. It may be located and supported by the bearing G or may be at any other suitable place. In Fig. 16 it is shown to lie midway below the pulley I which may be adapted to hold the two parts solidly together when the distance has been given, by tension screws or any other means as for instance clutches Z. In this case a clutch shown typicallyis fastened to either part which is adapted to engage with the pulley I. By providing the clutches Z the flexibility has been increased inasmuch as either armature core can be thrown out of action without stopping the generator.

If one side of the machine Fig. 15 should be cut out, it is preferable to do this at the switch board so as to preserve the perfect balance of the rotary part.

That distance pieces L are important parts in the construction of the machine, will be evident when it is desired to cut out one side of the machine which would be impossible if the other armature core E is not kept by some means at the necessary distance-from the poles B.

Fig. 17 is a modification over Figs. 1 and 10, and refers to a dynamo, motor or motorgenerator of especially large capacity. The main difference between them is, that while the armature core E remains the same as before, he field core is not a star nor forms a circle, but only a half circle. This is done for the sake of stability of the rotary part whose supports are maintained as near the ground as possible in spite of great radial dimensions, by allowing a portion to rotate in a suitable pit, and to be able to keep the coils O and I) well insulated from the ground. Fig. 17 shows the armature coreEin position covering the poles B, field winding D and armature winding G, which are therefore shown by dotted lines. The windings it will be noticed, do not go into the pit but describe a half circle lyingbetween the poles in theupper part and surrounding the central pole at the lower part. The radial armature extensions have not been shown to preserve clearness; it may be anyof the types Figs. 3, 3, 3 11 or any other suitable one. To preserve the independence of the field and armature it must be said, that the removing of armature core E becomes now on account of its dimensions, difficult and for this reason the magnet 13 with its frameA is mounted on a special bed plate 1 to which it is secured by bolts K which latter can slide in slots U when undone, which enables the field magnet to be moved in adirection away from the observer. In aformer drawing (Fig. 3) the armature headEis shownin one piece, in the present figure it consists of six parts secured together by bolts K. In the same manner as Figs. 1 and 10 have been modified to form that in Fig. 15, so can Fig. 17 be modified. This is shown in a side elevation in Fig. 18. Here are mounted on the foundation 2, the machine bed plates 1, on which are mounted on either side of the pit (i the two field magnet systems B. The two armature cores E are facing the field magnets and are supported by bearings G partly covered by frame A. In these large machines it is preferred to have the bearings G not on stands G (see Fig. 15) but to have them located on the bed plate 1 or foundation 2, just flush with pit (S. The required space can be obtained without interfering with the action of the machine by allowing, as shown, the armature cores E to be greater in diameter than is required for the field magnet and to lower their supporting point below the center of the field magnet circle. Several other ways may be adopted as also shown forinstance by embedding the bearing partly in the field magnetstructure or in the armature core by allowing the poles B to project to the required extent. It will be noticed that the poles B project slightly over the edge of bearings G. The .pulleyI is mounted between the armature cores E and solidly attached to the shaft 0. To increase the stability and stiffness of the structures A, distance pieces X and bolts Y are applied to the upper end. This is also shown in Fig. 17. The casting A is provided with a crown 3 provided with a suitable num ber of slots. Preferably, one of the castings has holes 5 and the other slots 7. This facilitates a quicker detaching and mounting of the bars Y and tubes X. The casting A, which is provided with slots, carries behind the crown 3 an arch piece 4 which is provided with holes, and clamped by bolts Y to crown 3.

By this means the bolts Y after being loosened are still kept together but can be readilylifted out of the slots.

If the shaft 0 is located below the center of the field, the field core A may be also extended below the circle if distance pieces L L are to be used, this is indicated by a dot ted line marked A" in Fig. 17.

Having now described the machine in its details and some'of the modifications, it is easy to see that various other combinations of constructions may be adopted, for instance,

Fig. 15 may be modified by arranging one or both stationary parts as in Fig. '17 or Fig. 1 may be changed into modification of Fig. 15 by mounting a second half on the bed plate A and arranging it to be removable. Such modifications are however all within the scope of this invention. The principal mechanical features are, (a) a rotary armature core mechanicallyindependent from the field magnet structure. (12) Armature bearings independent of the field magnet proper and located both to one side of a field magnet. Or, if considered from the point of a double field magnet, bearings located between the field magnet poles and independent from their structure. (0) An inductor armature which acts on the field magnet in a vertical plane. (cl) An armature core separated from the field magnet by distancing plates or rollers. (6) An armature whose shaft has telescope joints and lastly an armature whose shaft or bearings need not coincide withthe center of the rest of the machine.

So far, mostly the mechanical construction has been considered. Returning to the field magnet and armature windings O and D, the machine in its simplest type, contains one of each winding, but as shown in Fig. 15 each coil may be subdivided so as to form two or more totally separate coils. These windings also may be coupled in series or in parallel.

1 Depending on the relative position of the armature poles E in relation to the field poles B, the two induced currents in the windings C may have the same or else a different phase.

Fig. 19 shows in diagram two magnet systems which for sake of clearness are shown in two separate planes. The electrical result remains unaltered whether these magnet systems are mounted in oneplane or in parallel ones. As the center core or pole has a surface smaller than one half circle, two, three, four or more separate systems could be arranged in a single plane without departing from the nature of the invention.

Throughout the specification, a single groove has been described.

I wish to be understood that 1 do not wish to limit the construction. By placing the elemental core in Fig. 6 in a radial position there will be three sets of poles forming two concentric cavities in which the windings may be placed to perhaps a better advantage, as far as efficiency is concerned than in Fig. 17. Lastly, it may be mentioned here that the machine can be made self exciting by mount ing a commutator on the shaft, viz-a commutator on each of the two armature heads.

In Fig. 20, the connection from the station- .ary armature terminals 11 to the rotating commutator 10 may be effected for instance, by mounting rings 8 and 9 on the shaft 0 or head E in an insulated manner and connecting them to the opposite terminals of the commutator 10. The brushes 11 11' bring the current to the terminals from coilG, while the brushes 11 are connected to the exciting winding D. The circuit connections are similar to those in Fig. 2, with this difference, that the source is no longer an external one as battery M, which now is substituted by a portion of the armature current while the field magnet terminals are by means of brushes 11 in circuit with the armature between which two windings the commutator is inserted.

Throughout the specification the stationary core part is called the field magnet core, which contains the energizing windingand the winding in which currents are to be induced while the rotary core part is called the armature core, however it is easy to see that these terms are interchangeable inasmuch as the rotary core part is as much an electric magnet energized by the stationary exciting winding as the stationary part and the use of the name armature core in the claims should therefore not be taken as a restriction to this particular element of the machine. I

I claim as my invention 1. A dynamo electric machine or motor consi'stin g of the combination of field electro magnets in two parallel core structures, armature cores located between said core structures, and bearings for supporting the rotary armature cores also located between the two parallel field magnet core structures.

2. A dynamo or electric motor consisting of the combination of armature and field magnet coils, a field magnet core therefor having a central and concentric poles respectively of IIC opposite polarity, and an armature core relatively movable to, and within inductive distance to said magnet.

3. A dynamo or electric motor consisting of the combination of armature and field magnet coils, a field magnet core therefor having a central and concentric poles respectively of opposite polarity, and means for alternately opening and closing the magnetic circuit of the said field magnet.

4. A dynamo or electric motor consisting of the combination of armature and field magnet coils, a field magnet core therefor having a central and concentric poles respectively of opposite polarity; and an armature core relatively movable to, and within inductive distance to said magnet, and one or more commutators or collecting devices in circuit with some of the machine windings.

5. A dynamo or electric motor consisting of the combination of armature and field magnet coils, a field magnet core therefor having a central and concentric poles respectively of opposite polarity; and an armature core relatively movable to, and within inductive distance to said magnet, the said coils being arranged around the said central polar extension.

6. A dynamo or electric motor consisting of the combination of armature and field magnet coils, a field magnet core therefor having a central and concentric poles respectively of opposite polarity; and an armature core relatively movable to, and within inductive dis tance to said magnet, the said coils being arranged around the said central polar extension and alternately superposed upon one another.

7. A dynamo or electric motor consisting of the combination of armature and field magnet coils, a field magnet core therefor having a central and concentric poles respectively of opposite polarity, and an armature core relatively movable to, and within inductive distance to said magnet, the said concentric and central poles being on opposite sides of said armature core.

8. A dynamo or electric motor consisting of the combination of armature and field magnet coils, a field magnet core therefor havinga central and concentric poles respectively of opposite polarity, and an armature core relatively movable to, and within inductive distance to said magnet, the said concentric and central poles being on opposite sides of said armature core and hinged to each other.

9. In an electric machine the combination of field electro magnets in two parallel core structures having polar extensions extending toward each other, armatures or armature cores located between said two field core structures, and bearings for supporting the rotary element located between or inside the two field core structures.

10. In an electric machine the combination of field magnets in two parallel core structures having polar projections extending toward each other, armature cores in two parallel planes located between said field magnets facing said poles, bearings located between said field magnets and armature cores and a pulley, gear or other power transmitting device located centrally between above named elements.

11. In an electric machine, the combination of field magnets in two parallel planes, armature s or armature cores located between the field core structures, also in two parallel structures facingsaid field magnets, bearings for the support of the rotary element and a pulley, gear or other power transmitting device located centrally between said parallel magnets or magnet systems.

12. In a dynamo electric machine or motor the combination with field and armature windings, of a stationary core structure and a movable one and a separating or distancing device located between said core structures for the purpose described.

13. In a dynamo electric machine or motor the combination with field and armature windings of field magnets and an armature core movable relative to one another, a central core part or projection extending from the stationary core structure toward the movable one and a rolling or sliding distancing device located between the rotary core structure and the stationary projection for the purpose described.

14. In an electric machine the combination with one or more stationary field magnets, one or more rotating armatures and a distance piece mounted on either or both machine elements for the purpose described.

15. In an electric machine, the combination of two or more sets of field magnet poles, the one set encircling the other set, one or more energizing windings located between said poles, an armature winding within inductive distance to said poles, and an armature core adapted to periodically increase or decrease the magnetic resistance of the-field magnet system.

16. In an elect *ic machine, the combination with field magnet poles arranged in circles or zones, of a field magnet winding for said poles, an armature winding within inductive distance to said poles, and any armature core for said armature winding and rotary with reference thereto.

17. In an electric dynamo or motor the combination of stationary core parts, field magnet windings for said core parts, one or more stationary armature windings also located on said stationary core parts, an armature core or magnetic circuit closer in close proximity to said stationary core parts, and one or more thrust bearings for the purpose described.

18. In a dynamo or motor the combination of a field electro magnet and an armature, of a telescope shaft for the rotary machine element adapted to be altered in length when IIS the combination with stationary field magnets in one or more core structures of ener-V glzing windings therefor, one or more armature windings, a rotary armature core, a shaft and bearings for suitably supporting said armature core, one or more distancing devices located between the said shaft and the stationary field magnet portion facing it, and means for communicating or transmitting power applied to said shaft.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name, in presence of two witnesses, this 30th day of J anuary, 1892.

LUDWIG GUTMANN. Witnesses:

J. S. DALTON, H. M. BUTLER. 

